Agenda

* Brief introduction to yours truly and thesis

* The evolution of Unix
Standardisation of Unix 

* The evolution of Linux
Standardisation of Linux


* Summing up



The Evolution of Unix


* Company setting
The American Telephone and Telegraph Company, AT&T

1949 Antitrust claim

1956 AT&T only allowed to perform experiments into new technology regarding common carrier services

* MULTICS
1967 AT&T, General Electric, MIT started a joint research project 
Needed a multi user operating system that:
Were stable

Would accommodate 1000 users

1969 The MULTICS project died

Ken Thompson and Ken Ritchie returned to AT&T Research

Space travle (OH1) - a game for MULTICS

* Birth of Unix
1969 No game - no fun 

Space travle for the PDP-7
	
End of 1969 the PDP-7 were self supporting (OH3)

1970 No Money - Not Funny!
A new computer > 100.000$

Unix was promising, a file-system, a cognitive programming environment

A little scam
Word-processing became a research area

The PDP-11/20 (OH4)

1971 The word-processing was a success
The patent department bought the PDP-11/20

The research department bought a PDP-11/45 (OH5)

* Unix versions
1971 V1
The system was growing 

The Programmers Manual 

1972 V2
Now 10 installations

No support and free

1973 V3
First conference, held at Berkeley


1973 V4 
Unix rewritten in C

C was developed to provide portability and a pleasant programming environment 

1974-77 
Unix distributed freely to universities as Source
Papers published
First BSD releases 

1978
AT&T Announce fees on source code

3BSD (OH6)

Unix sales policy (OH7)

1978 - now
Unix became the victim of multiple versions and makers

* The Standards
Why standards?
Hardware portability

Interoperability

Application portability

User portability

* The origin of Unix standards
Source available until 1978 

Different incompatible Unix's were emerging

Users were communicating
UnixUsers -> Usenix

Newsgroups

1981 /usr/group 
POSIX -Portable Operating Systems Standards Interface (uni)X

Standards committee (OH8)





The Evolution of Linux

* Ignition, 1991
"Hello everybody out there using minux - 
I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby,
won't be big and professinal like gnu) for
386 (486) AT clones." 

There was an existing community
Minix

The Internet was emerging

People got interested

* Distributed for free

The notion of free

The GPL license
Open Source Software / Free Software

Commercial licenses

* The development model

Linus T decides what Linux is!

The spider in the web

The feedback loop
* Standards
Linux is very standardised

Little actual standardisation in the community
Linux rely on other bodies for standardisation

The standards organisations
POSIX

IETF / RFC

Why?
Little power

Minimal communication


			OH 1		  	85331 E99

E:\dokumenter\Phd_projekt\Papers\CTI\cti oplęg 130400.doc	
Udskrevet: 02-05-00